Discovery of essential minerals sparks debate in post-war BosniaBosnian community divided over proposed mine: environment vs economic prosperity

In the picturesque hills of northeast Bosnia, the community is divided between concerns about the environment and hopes for economic prosperity from vast amounts of essential minerals needed for Europe's transition to green energy.

The region surrounding Lopare is believed to hold an estimated 1.5 million tons of lithium carbonate, 94 million tons of magnesium sulfate, and 17 million tons of boron - all crucial components for the production of electric cars, wind turbines, and electronics.

This discovery could greatly benefit the impoverished area, which has struggled to recover since the devastating war in the 1990s. Milorad Dodik, the fiery leader of the Serbs in Bosnia, sees it as a chance for development and growth for the country.

However, the proposed open-pit mine has faced opposition from locals who fear the potential environmental damage it could cause. In December, the city council of Lopare voted against the project, with Mayor Rado Savic stating that over 90% of residents are against it.

But Vladimir Rudic, the director of Arcore AG's Bosnian subsidiary, reassures that strict regulations will be in place to prevent any harm to the environment. He sees the potential of the mine to contribute significantly to the EU's supply chain and create thousands of jobs.

The company aims to begin operations by 2027 and export 10,000 tons of lithium carbonate annually by 2032. This amount can produce between 150,000 and 200,000 rechargeable batteries, helping the EU reduce its dependence on China for 97% of its magnesium needs.

As the EU transitions to more sustainable energy sources, it aims to source 10% of its critical raw materials from within its own borders by 2030. Bosnia, a candidate to join the EU, stands to benefit from this goal.

Despite the promise of economic growth and job opportunities, many locals, like unemployed pharmacist Jovan Jovic, remain unconvinced and worry about the potential pollution and dust that the mine could bring to their town.

For others, like 63-year-old war veteran Milivoje Tesic, the idea of a foreign investor coming in and reaping the benefits raises suspicion. He vows to physically protect his land from the mine, skeptical of any real progress that may come from it.

Alton Shaffer
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